Calcium Carbonate
May support bone health, muscle function, and cardiovascular health (36,37).
Regulates processes of bone resorption, mineralization, and fracture repair (36,37).
Increases the effect of physical exercise on bone mineral acquisition in the period preceding puberty (36,37).
May support reduced prevalence of preeclampsia (36,37).
Vitamin B1
May support aerobic energy metabolism (oxidative phosphorylation), cell growth, optimal neuronal conduction (nerve impulses), and cardiovascular health (94).
May support cardiovascular function and aids as a neuroprotective agent in individuals with vitamin B-1 deficiencies (94, 95).
Vitamin B2
May support conversion and activation of other B vitamins, red blood cell production and serves as a cofactor for both glucose and fat metabolism (energy production) (92,93).
Vitamin B5
May support energy production, cell growth, cell repair, cognitive function, increased hippocampal volume (memory), and optimized bioenergetics (burning of carbohydrates, fat, and protein) (96).
Vitamin B6
Serves as a cofactor in more than 150 enzymatic reactions associated in blood sugar regulation, immunity, cardiovascular function, neuronal health, metabolic, and digestive health (38, 40).
May support reduced plasma glucose (blood sugar levels) via inhibiting the activity of small-intestinal α-glucosidases (enzymes associated with glucose metabolism) (39).
Functions as an antioxidant by counteracting the formation of reactive oxygen species (inflammatory markers) and advanced glycation end-products (38,40).
May support blood sugar regulation in women with gestational diabetes (40).
Cofactor for enzymes involved in DNA metabolism (40).
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
Major B vitamin that may support cardiovascular health by inhibiting hepatic(liver) triglyceride synthesis, reducing very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion, and increasing HDL plasma concentrations (9).
Reduces conversion of VLDL into LDL proteins and serum lipoprotein concentrations in plasma (blood) (9).
Vital for regulation of gene expression, cell cycle progression, and DNA repair, and cell death (9).
May support healthy inflammatory response via antioxidant and anti-apoptotic (prevention of cell death) properties (9).
May support reduced prevalence of pellagra, nervous anorexia, and Crohn’s disease (10, 11).
Biotin
May support conversion of food into cellular energy, hair health, skin health, and cognitive function (213,214).
May support glucose breakdown into skeletal muscle tissue (213,214)
Potassium
May support reduced blood pressure in hypertensive patients and improves hydration in individuals with low potassium levels (262).
Magnesium
May support optimal nerve function, muscle contractions, cardiovascular, bone health, and decreased anxiety (90,91).
Supports biological reactions such as ATP-fueled reactions and pancreatic insulin secretion (90,91).
May support reduced systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglycerides, and healthy HDL levels (90,91).
May support reduced peripheral cortisol levels in the CNS and supports relaxation and decreased anxiety (90,91).
Zinc
May support immune function, skin health, cognitive function, and vision (172,173).
May support stimulation of the innate and adaptive immune system (172,173).
May support the activation of lymphocytes and activation of innate T cell-mediated immunity (172,173).
May support cognitive function by modulation of neuronal signaling in areas of the brain associated with memory and learning (hippocampus) (172,173).
Rhodiola
May support immune health, cardiovascular health, reduces inflammation, and enhances cognitive function (13).
May support immune health via decreased inflammation via inhibited signaling of inflammatory pathways (TNF-a) and reduction of inflammatory cytokines (13)
May support immune health via increased activation of helper T cells (immune cells) (13)
Lutein
A carotenoid that may support vision health, immune health, cardiovascular health, and combats diabetic retinopathy (155,156).
May support increased lutein concentration in the macula and exhibits various features such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and blue light-filtering effects (155,156).
May support visual health via increased lutein concentration in the macular layer of the retina, reduced susceptibility to age-related macular disease, reduced prevalence of cataracts, and improved plasma level of lutein and retinal macular pigment level (155,156).
Chamomile
May support healthy sleep, relaxation, reduced anxiety, and antioxidant support (251,252,253).
May support antioxidant function due to high levels of quercetin (flavonoid antioxidant) (251,252,253).
May support sleep via increases in parasympathetic (relaxation mode) activity, increased benzodiazepine-like hypnotic activity (sleep inducer), and attachment to GABA receptors (251,252,253).
Lemon Balm
May support healthy sleep, relaxation, reduced anxiety, and antioxidant support (254,255).
May support antioxidant function via ability to scavenge free radicals, reduce oxidative stress, increased glutathione production (master antioxidant) combat DNA damage (254,225).
May support relaxed sleep via enhanced REM cycles reduced stress at bedtime (254,225).
Passion Flower
May support reduced stress, enhanced sleep, and improved mood (248).
May support positive mood and improved sleep via regulated gamma‐aminobutyric acid receptor A (GABAA) activity (receptor which controls sleep) (248)
Hawthorn Berry
May support cardiovascular health and reduced prevalence of metabolic syndrome (165).
May support cardiovascular health via reduced atherosclerotic lesion areas, reduced cholesterol synthesis (acyl-coA-cholesterol acyltransferase enzyme), reduced very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), and reduced platelet aggregation (165).
Munica Pruriens
May support blood sugar regulation, sexual enhancement, aids an anti-inflammatory agent, and supports antimicrobial activity (128).
May support anti-aging, reduced prevalence of rheumatoid, arthritis, infertility, and nervous disorders (128).
May support reduced neurodegenerative disease via stimulation of dopaminergic neurons (129).
May support blood sugar health via reduced blood glucose levels, improved insulin transport, and lowered H1AC levels (130).
St. John’s Wort
May support reduced depression and increased positive mood (249,250).
GABA
May support relaxation, positive mood, increased memory, reduced anxiety, blood sugar regulation, and increased growth hormone production (102).
Skullcap
May support calming mood and relaxation.
L-Theanine
Unique non-protein amino acid found in green tea (Camellia sinensis) (53).
May support mood, mental clarity, and cognitive health, memory, and is a natural anti-depressant/neuroprotective agent (53).
Ashwagandha
May support cardiovascular, hormonal, immune, healthy weight loss, mood, and optimized sleep (82,83).
May support reduced stress hormone cortisol resulting in improved body composition, sex hormone profile, and mood (82,83).
May support improved exercise performance via increased V02 max, muscular endurance, muscle hypertrophy (muscle growth), and decreased muscular fatigue (83).
May support improved quality of sleep by enhancing sleep recovery, reducing plasma cortisol concentrations, and enhancing REM sleep cycles (83).
May support hormonal and immune health via reduced production of inflammatory molecules (reactive oxygen species) and simultaneous increases in sex hormones (84).
Bacopa
May support cognitive function, memory, alertness, and aids as an anti-stress agent (57).
Bacopa has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages (immune cells) and inhibits the release of IL-6 and TNF-α (inflammatory markers) from monocytes (immune cells) (58,59,).
A promising potential candidate for the development of novel therapeutics that may target neuroinflammation and have the potential for supporting a wide range of CNS disorders including Alzheimer's disease, depression, and schizophrenia (59).
Magnolia
May support antioxidant function, positive mood, and may aid as a neuroprotective agent (263,264).
May support relaxed sleep patterns (circadian rhythm) and regulated gamma‐aminobutyric acid receptor A (GABAA) activity (receptor which controls sleep) (263,264).
Griffonia Seed Ext -5-HTP
May support healthy sleep patterns, mood, reduced anxiety, and supports the gut brain axis (261).
May support healthy sleep patterns via enhanced circadian rhythm and increased natural melatonin production (261).
May support gut brain axis via natural increased production of serotonin (neurotransmitter) in gut neurons (260, 261).
Valerian Root
May support reduced stress, enhanced sleep, and improved mood (244,245).
May support enhanced positive mood and sleep via regulated gamma‐aminobutyric acid receptor A (GABAA) activity (receptor which controls sleep) (244, 245).
