Vitamin E
May support immune function, cognitive health, cardiovascular health, and bone health (204,205,206,207,208)
May support immune health via neutralizing free radicals and reactive oxygen species, and increased T lymphocyte-mediated immune function (204).
May support cardiovascular health via reduced cholesterol (204).
May support cognitive function via reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage of neuronal tissues (208).
Vitamin B6
Serves as a cofactor in more than 150 enzymatic reactions associated in blood sugar regulation, immunity, cardiovascular function, neuronal health, metabolic, and digestive health (38, 40).
May support reduced plasma glucose (blood sugar levels) via inhibiting the activity of small-intestinal α-glucosidases (enzymes associated with glucose metabolism) (39).
Functions as an antioxidant by counteracting the formation of reactive oxygen species (inflammatory markers) and advanced glycation end-products (38,40).
May support blood sugar regulation in women with gestational diabetes (40).
Cofactor for enzymes involved in DNA metabolism (40)
Zinc
May support immune function, skin health, cognitive function, and vision (172,173).
May support stimulation of the innate and adaptive immune system (172,173).
May support the activation of lymphocytes and activation of innate T cell-mediated immunity (172,173).
May support cognitive function by modulation of neuronal signaling in areas of the brain associated with memory and learning (hippocampus) (172,173)
Copper
- May support healthy blood sugar levels, energy metabolism and cholesterol management (143,144).
Selenium
May support reduced prevelance of atherosclerosis, high cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia), and type 1 diabetes (147).
May support thyroid health via decreased circulating thyroid autoantibodies in patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) (146).
Increases the activity of selenoproteins that decrease reactive oxygen species (inflammation), increases natural killer activity, and increases glutathione (master antioxidant) levels (145,147).
Saw Palmetto
May support prostate health, cardiovascular health, and increased hair growth (133,134).
May support prostate health via anti-androgenic and anti-inflammatory effects resulting in reduced prostatic hyperplasia (133,134).
Pygeum Africanum
- May support healthy testosterone levels, improves prostate health, and reduce chronic inflammation (19).
Red Raspberry
A natural aromatic compound derived from raspberries that may enhance fat oxidation(burning) and antioxidant protective mechanisms (20).
May support increased antioxidant properties through increasing total antioxidant capacity (TAC) ; and improving lipid peroxidation (21,22).
Graviola
May support antioxidant function, reduced inflammation, and aid as an antimicrobial agent (186,187).
May support antioxidant function via 200 phytochemicals and high concentration of alkaloids (186,187).
May support lowered inflammation via reduced inflammatory cytokines (markers of inflammation (186,187).
Green Tea Extract
A potent polyphenolic antioxidant that may support healthy blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic health (25).
Contains high concentration of ECGC that may reduce body fat mass, increase fat oxidation(burning) and increase caloric expenditure during exercise. (25).
Potent anti-inflammatory compound that may support glutathione production and inhibition of pro-inflammatory markers (cytokines). (26).
- May reduce oxidative stress (chronic inflammation in the body) (26).
Cat’s Claw
May support respiratory health and reduced inflammation (188).
May support respiratory health via potentially reduced prevalence of respiratory infections entering lung cells (inhibition of ACE2 receptor protein docking) (182).
Broccoli Extract
- May support antioxidant activity due to the high content of polyphenols and flavonoids (antioxidants) (190).
Tomato Extract/Lycopene
May support prostate health, cardiovascular support, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and chemoprotective properties against cancer (191,192, 193).
May support reduced inflammation via scavenging of free radicals and reduces oxidative damage of DNA. (191,192,193).
Inhibits phosphorylation of anti-oncogenes such as p53 and Rb. It also inhibits G0/G1 and S-phase of the cell cycle (193).
Stinging Nettle
- May support blood sugar regulation and urinary health.
Maitake, Reishi, Shitake
May support immune health, antioxidant activity, balanced estrogen levels, antiviral support,reduced stress, improved exercise performance, and blood sugar regulation (194,195).
May support immune health via high concentrations of betagluxans which may increase natural killer cell activity and t-cell-mediated immunity (194).
May support immune health via the concentration of inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-a (inflammation markers) in macrophages (immune cells) (194).
High in the amino acid L-Ergothioneine (mainly found in mushrooms) that supports longevity, may decrease chronic inflammation, and improve antioxidant activity (194)
Quercetin
May support antioxidant status, immune system defense, reduced homocysteine (allergies), reduced triglycerides, and combats bacterial infections (114,115,116).
May support immune health via reduced c-reactive protein (major inflammatory biomarker), increased neutrophil chemotaxis, macrophage phagocytosis, NK cell lytic activity and mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte (white blood cell) proliferation (114).
May support antiviral and antibacterial activity (114)
Juniper
- May support urinary health via the decreased prevalence of urinary tract infections.
Uva Ursi
- May support urinary health via the decreased prevalence of urinary tract infections (196).
Buchu
- May support digestive and immune health.
L-Alanine
May support blood sugar regulation, immune function, and recovery from exercise (197).
May support blood sugar regulation via increased glucose uptake into skeletal muscle and improved insulin sensitivity (197).
L-Glycine
- May support increased nitric oxide production, improved connective tissue health, improved sleep, and increased growth hormone production (198),199).
Pumpkin Seed
- May support urinary health, and immune function (175)
Cayenne Pepper
- May support decreased muscle soreness and increased muscle strength (177).
Goldenseal
May support digestive health, antibacterial activity, and antioxidant support (201, 202).
May support antioxidant function via levels of berberine (alkaloid) (201,202).
Marshmallow
May support digestive health and combats sore throats (200).
May support reduced sore throats via increased protective film on the inflamed mucosa (inflamed throat tissue) (200).
Parsley
- May support immune health, antioxidant activity, and aids in the detoxification process (203,204).
