Magnesium
May support optimal nerve function, muscle contractions, cardiovascular, bone health, and decreased anxiety (90,91).
May support biological reactions such as ATP-fueled reactions and pancreatic insulin secretion (90,91).
May support reduced systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglycerides, and healthy HDL levels (90,91).
May support reduced peripheral cortisol levels in the CNS, increased relaxation, and decreased anxiety (90,91).
Zinc
May support immune function, skin health, cognitive function, and vision (172,173).
May support stimulation of the innate and adaptive immune system (172,173).
May support the activation of lymphocytes and innate T cell-mediated immunity (172,173)
May support cognitive function by modulation of neuronal signaling in areas of the brain associated with memory and learning (hippocampus) (172,173).
Tribulus Terrestris
May support sexual function, increased testosterone, cardiovascular health, healthy urinary tract function, athletic performance, and may aid as a neuroprotective agent (137,138).
May support sexual health, via activating aphrodisiacs, increased spermatogenesis, sperm motility, increased free testosterone, and increase of androgenic (hormone) action via the activation of endogenous testosterone production (137,138).
May support cardiovascular health via decreased arterial inflammation levels of (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 (137,138).
May support neuroprotective properties via protection of neuron injury, and cerebral ischemia–reperfusion by suppressing brain inflammatory markers (NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-1β) (137,138).
Chrysin
May support immune health, cardiovascular health, and increased testosterone (209).
May support immune health via suppression of pro-oxidant enzymes, scavenging free radicals, and reduced inflammatory cytokines (markers of inflammation) (209).
May support cardiovascular health via increased bioavailability of endothelial nitric oxide, reduced prevalence of atherosclerosis, reduced thrombogenesis, and reduced vascular (blood vessel) inflammation (209).
May support increased testosterone via blocking of androgens into estrogen (210).
Horny Goat Weed
May support increased sexual drive, increased testosterone, reduced progression of atherosclerosis, increased nitric oxide levels, and reduced arterial (blood vessel) inflammation levels (126,127).
May support reduced arterial inflammation via reduction of free radical induced peroxidation in erythrocytes, and increased nitric oxide levels (126,127).
May support arterial health (health of blood vessels) via reduced DNA damage and reduced endothelial dysfunction (126,127).
May support reduced macrophage-derived foam cell formation, inhibiting platelet activation, and oxLDL-induced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells (126,127).
Longjack (Tongkat Ali)
- May support reduced stress hormones (cortisol), increased free testosterone, enhanced mood, and enhanced sexual function (132).
Saw Palmetto
May support prostate health, cardiovascular health, and increased hair growth (133,134).
May support prostate health via anti-androgenic and anti-inflammatory effects resulting in reduced Benign prostatic hyperplasia (134).
Hawthorn Berries
May support cardiovascular health and reduced prevalence of metabolic syndrome (165).
May support cardiovascular health via reduced atherosclerotic lesion areas, reduced cholesterol synthesis (acyl-coA-cholesterol acyltransferase enzyme), reduced very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), and inhibited platelet aggregation (165).
Cissus Quadrangularis
May support joint health, antioxidant function, cardiovascular health, and reduced body fat (211, 212).
May support antioxidant function via increased free radical scavenging capacity and reduced inflammatory cytokines (211, 212).
May support cardiovascular health via decreased waist-hip circumferences, reduced blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, and leptin levels (211, 212).
May support reduced body fat via decreased enzymatic activity of pancreatic lipase and decreased activity of genetic modulators of adipogenesis (fat cell growth) such as C/EBPα, PPARγ, SREBP-1c (genetic regulators of fat cell growth) (211, 212).
May support joint health via reduced inflammation in connective tissue (211, 212)
